+ − · / ^

Arithmetic. Leave out the · for products: 4πx, 2sin(x), (x+1)(x−1).

π e |x| x²

Constants, absolute value bars and squares.

sin cos tan

Waves. One full turn is 2π.

abs sqrt exp log sign

The usual. sqrt and log of negatives count as 0.

floor ceil round frac

Steps. frac(x) is the part after the decimal point, so frac(3x) repeats three times.

min max mod step

step(a, x) is 0 below a and 1 from a on.

clamp smooth

clamp(x) keeps x between 0 and 1. smooth(a, b, x) eases from 0 at a to 1 at b.

The formula's value picks the color: 0 or less is the first color, 1 or more the second, and values between blend. The colors are given, so only the shape of the function matters.